Fuzzy Logic System as implemented in mass transport system

Fuzzy Logic System:A Practical Implementation In Mass Transport System.

Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. Fuzzy logic has been employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false.Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific (membership) functions.
The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic had however been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Lukasiewicz and Tarski.
Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence.

Lets be more clear "Classical logic only permits conclusions which are either true or false. However, there are also propositions with variable answers, such as one might find when asking a group of people to identify a color. In such instances, the truth appears as the result of reasoning from inexact or partial knowledge in which the sampled answers are mapped on a spectrum."

Lets take an example of real life to understand it better-"Humans and animals often operate using fuzzy evaluations in many everyday situations. In the case where someone is tossing an object into a container from a distance, the person does not compute exact values for the object weight, density, distance, direction, container height and width, and air resistance to determine the force and angle to toss the object. Instead the person instinctively applies quick "fuzzy" estimates, based upon previous experience, to determine what output values of force, direction and vertical angle to use to make the toss."
 Many of the early successful applications of fuzzy logic were implemented in Japan. The first notable application was on the high-speed train in Sendai, in which fuzzy logic was able to improve the economy, comfort, and precision of the ride.It has also been used in recognition of hand written symbols in Sony pocket computers, flight aid for helicopters, controlling of subway systems in order to improve driving comfort, precision of halting, and power economy, improved fuel consumption for automobiles, single-button control for washing machines, automatic motor control for vacuum cleaners with recognition of surface condition and degree of soiling, and prediction systems for early recognition of earthquakes through the Institute of Seismology Bureau of Meteorology, Japan.

Fuzzy Logic implementation in mass transport system-

Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a transport method that uses magnetic induction(causing load to rise above surface) to move vehicles without making contact with the ground. With maglev, a vehicle travels along a guideway using magnets to create both lift and propulsion, thereby reducing friction by a great extent and allowing very high speeds. In itself, maglev technology includes no moving parts.
Maglev trains move more smoothly and more quietly than wheeled mass transit systems. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of its overall energy consumption most goes to overcome drag, as with other high-speed transport. Maglev trains hold the speed record for trains.
Compared to conventional trains, differences in construction affect the economics of maglev trains, making them much more efficient. For high-speed trains with wheels, wear and tear from friction from wheels on rails accelerates equipment wear and prevents high speeds. Conversely, maglev systems have been much more expensive to construct, offsetting lower maintenance costs.
Despite decades of research and development, maglev transport systems are in operation in just three countries (Japan, Korea and China). In April 2004, Shanghai's Transrapid system began commercial operations. In March 2005, Japan began operation of its relatively low-speed HSST "Linimo" line in time for the 2005 World Expo. In its first three months, the Linimo line carried over 10 million passengers. South Korea became the world's fourth country to succeed in implementing maglev technology with the Incheon Airport Maglev beginning regular operation on February 3, 2016.While the Transrapid in Shanghai was primarily based on german technology, China has started its own program for low speed maglev with the Changsha Maglev in operation in Changsha and the S1 Line in Beijing under construction.In Japan a new high speed maglev line, the Chuo Shinkansen is planned to become operational in 2027, with construction starting 2017.


In 1993, Korea completed the development of its own maglev train, shown off at the Taejon Expo '93, which was developed further into a full-fledged maglev capable of travelling up to 110 km/h in 2006. This final model was incorporated in the Incheon Airport Maglev which opened on February 3, 2016, making Korea the world's fourth country to operate its own self-developed maglev after the United Kingdom's Birmingham International Airport,Germany's Berlin M-Bahn,and Japan's Linimo. It links Incheon International Airport to the Yongyu Station and Leisure Complex while crossing Yeongjong island. It offers a transfer to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway at AREX's Incheon International Airport Station and is offered free of charge to anyone to ride, operating between 9am and 6pm every 15 minutes.Operating hours are to be raised in the future.
The maglev system was co-developed by the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) and Hyundai Rotem.It is 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi) long, with six stations and a 110 km/h (68 mph) operating speed.
Two more stages are planned of 9.7 km and 37.4 km. Once completed it will become a circular line.
Hyundai Rotem is exporting its Maglev technology to Russia's Leningrad MagLev System, the first overseas customer who will be getting the first urban commuter Maglev system in Europe.

In India Maglev Train System-

The Indian Ministry was in the process of reviewing a proposal to start a maglev train system in India.It had been estimated that the cost to complete this process would be over $30 billion. The company who sent the proposals is based in the United States. There had been feelers sent to Lalu Prasad, Railway Minister, in which the advantages of a maglev train system were presented. If completed, the train travel time between the two cities would have been reduced to half an hour, compared to the original two hours. However, the plan was dropped in favor of Garib Rath (poor people's cart) that promises transport at a very low cost. But now Mumbai is planning to have its first maglev connecting to Pune, which will take 30 minutes along the 200 km stretch . This is planned near Hinjawadi in an area called Pimple Saudagar. Pune and Mumbai has a freeway(also called as expressway) where approximately 14000 vehicles travel daily, making fuel consumption at .2 million liters a day . The business proposal is to reduce the fuel consumption and promote maglev by income from Carbon Credit Sales.And finally there is more projects to come up-Mumbai-Delhi,Mumbai-Nagpur,Kochi,Chennai-Banglore-Mysore.

Signing Off with promise to bring more updated technology your host- Anubhav Dixit

Amazon.com 10 unkown facts from its early days to present day.

 AMAZON.COM

From a early thought to market leader

Amazon.com was conceptualized by Jeff Bezos and was started in a garage Seattle,Washington.He was still working at Wall street firm DE Shaw Co. as Vice president.The idea actually came to firm David Shaw who used internet during his days as professor in early 1990s.He saw the potential internet having any information as you like and what you want at your fingertips in home.Here Jeff Bezos was the potential of internet and its rapid increasing uses and users thus during discussions between both of them the concept of online store with unlimited products came up and building blocks for Amazon.com was born.However at Jeff thought that online store with unlimited products was be not possible so the list was narrowed down by possible products including computer software,office stationary,apparels and music but first product to be chosen was books offered in wide range and variety.Bezos couple together started and registered their company as "Cadabra Inc." in 1994 November 1.It was often misheard as cadaver meaning dead body and so new name was picked as "Amazon" because it is the largest river and Jeff wanted his company to became largest company globally.He wanted his company to come up first in search engine which arranged searched objects in alphabetical order. He left highly paid job at wall street and started internet company.In beginning he wanted to build better products than existing offered online at that time.

After first sale on 1995 April 3,the website came into public notice which had its own searchable database for 1 million titles even though physically they had only 2000 in their warehouse rest will be sent to customers as and when required by customers directly from publishers and sellers. At that time no one was assigned to pack and deliver the books ordered so Amazon.com took orders during day and pack books during night.The books were then driven to nearest post office next morning.

After being highlighted on new listed site "Yahoo",Amazon.com was overwhelmed with orders and within a month they sold books in 45 countries.In late 1995  Amazon.com was granted 1million investment to expand their business and keep up with rising demands,upgrade of inventory and hiring of new employees.In 2000s Jeff predicted 74 million  sales if things went moderately and 144 millions if things went extremely well.However their sales accounted to 1.6 billion.And their moral back then was "Get Big Fast".

On 1997 May 15 had its IPO raising about 54 million.In order grow further new products like DVD and music were chosen.Amazon.com acquisitions are as follows- 

	Nov 23, 2016 Biba
	Sep 20, 2016 Angel.ai Jul 14, 2016 Cloud9 IDE Feb 16, 2016 EMVANTAGE Payments Dec 1, 2015 Orbeus Sep 25, 2015 Safaba Translation Solutions Sep 3, 2015 Elemental Technologies Apr 30, 2015 Clusterk Apr 10, 2015 Amiato Apr 10, 2015 Shoefitr Mar 12, 2015 2lemetry Jan 22, 2015 Annapurna Labs Oct 27, 2014 Rooftop Media Aug 25, 2014 Twitch Apr 10, 2014 Comixology Feb 6, 2014 Double Helix Games Oct 1, 2013 TenMarks Education May 13, 2013 Screentech May 13, 2013 Liquavista Apr 17, 2013 Evi Mar 29, 2013 Goodreads Jan 24, 2013 IVONA Text-To-Speech Jul 2, 2012 UpNext Jun 15, 2012 LOVEFiLM Jun 4, 2012 Avalon Books Mar 19, 2012 Kiva Systems Jan 31, 2012 TeachStreet Dec 28, 2011 Quorus Sep 8, 2011 Yap Jul 28, 2011 Pushbutton Jul 4, 2011 The Book Depository Nov 8, 2010 Quidsi Oct 7, 2010 BuyVIP Sep 22, 2010 Amie Street Jun 30, 2010 Woot Feb 3, 2010 Touchco Jul 22, 2009 Zappos Jun 16, 2009 SnapTell Apr, 2009 Lexcycle
	Oct 22, 2008 Reflexive Entertainment Aug 25, 2008 Shelfari Aug 1, 2008 AbeBooks
	Jun 25, 2008 Fabric.com Jan 31, 2008 Audible Jan 18, 2008 Without A Box May 23, 2007 Brilliance Audio May 1, 2007 dpreview Oct 1, 2006 TextPayMe Feb 27, 2006 Shopbop Jul 8, 2005 CustomFlix Apr 21, 2005 Mobipocket.com Apr 4, 2005 BookSurge Aug 19, 2004 Joyo.com Dec 4, 2002 CDNOW Dec 1, 2001 OurHouse Nov 30, 1999 Back To Basics Toys Nov 30, 1999 Back to Basics Oct 4, 1999 Convergence Corporation Jun 11, 1999 Accept.Com May 23, 1999 Alexa Apr 26, 1999 Exchange.Com Apr 12, 1999 LiveBid Oct 15, 1998 Bookpages Aug 4, 1998 Junglee Aug 4, 1998 PlanetAll.com Apr 27, 1998 Telebook Apr 27, 1998 IMDB In 1999 Jeff was awarded as Time person of the year.In 2001 Q4 they posted their profit for first time as 5 million dollars and this was acclaimed to better customer service.In 2001 Amazon was stuck by financial problems and its share price fall from $107 to $7 and so in order cost cutting mode it layed off  its 1300 employees and warehouses were closed down.Finally they regained money and added software development in their product line up as "Amazon Web Services".           To present day it employs about 140 thousand employees which is 4x Google.And 80000 addition workers are hired during season peak influx.They have fulfillment centers large enough to hold 10 Olympic pools equivalent water.In 2015 Amazon took 600 Million income in comparison to Apple $53.39 billion and Google $16.34 billion.Finally Amazon started using drone delivery system in USA and plans to use Boeing 767 air plane (Amazon One) for delivery termed as Amazon "Prime Air" operated by Atlas Air Inc.Prime Air is a service offering to deliver customers their orders in 30  minutes or less using drones using obstacle avoidance technologies in 10 miles or more.Amazon remains in operation due Amazon web services offered to small start up and high powered users.Its customer database for Amazon web services include CIA,Adobe,Pin interest,GE,Tinder,Reddit,Netflix,Instagram and some major banks.Future plans of Amazon are to open an open brick store.Jeff is 5 richest man and bought himself  "The Washington Post". Amazon.com is well-known for its Kindle, lightning fast shipping, and selling virtually anything online. Note:-Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions.  Take a look at some other mind-blowing facts we found 1-Amazon.com was almost called "Cadabra" as in "Abracadabra". That idea was struck down because CEO Jeff Bezos' lawyer misheard the word as "cadaver". 2-Bezos chose Amazon.com for two reasons: one, to suggest scale (Amazon.com launched with the tagline "Earth's biggest book store") and two, back then website listings were often alphabetical. 3-Amazon's warehouses have more square footage than 700 Madison Square Gardens and could hold more water than 10,000 Olympic Pools. 4-The first book Amazon.com ever sold was from Bezos' garage in 3 April 1995. The book was Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought. 5-Amazon's current logo was designed to depict a smile that goes from A to Z. "This signifies that the company is willing to deliver everything to everyone, anywhere in the world." 6-Amazon.com employees spend two days every two years working at the customer service desk, even the CEO. This practice is to help all workers understand the customer service process. 7-Amazon owns 10 percent of North American E-Commerce. Office Depot, Stapes, Apple, Dell, WalMart, Sears, and Liberty all own another 10 percent of the market, the same size as Amazon. That leaves 1,000+ retailers to all fight for the remaining 80 percent. 8-Last year, when Amazon's site went down for 49 minutes the company missed sales of nearly $5.7 million. 9-Greg Linden a former Amazon employee who invented the recommendation engine described Amazon's initial frugality. Linden writes, "the quintessential example of Amazon's frugality was the door desk. Leave it to Jeff Bezos. Buy a wooden door, preferably a hollow core wooden door with no holes pre-drilled. Saw a couple 4" x 4" x 6' pillars in half. Bolt them to the door with a couple of scary looking angle brackets. Put it in front of a programmer. Door desk." 10-Amazon's unique users are 5x more valuable than eBay's. Amazon's average unique user brings in about $189 while eBay's brings in just $39 Finally I think we Indians can also achieve the same if we take some calculated risks and efficient thinking.So here I "Sign Off" with a promise to bring more information related news.

Nokia Welcomes You Back:Five Phones to be Unveiled

Nokia E1 TA-1000 passes 3C certification, coming soon

Nokia under HMD Global is set to announce Android based smartphones in 2017. Some of the these devices are rumored to be announced in first quarter of 2017 in MWC(Mobile World Congress 2017) itself with a focus on Budget or Mid range devices, yet rumors of a flagship Nokia device are still floating around. We have already seen leaks around Nokia D1C,Nokia P1& Nokia Z2 smartphone which gave us a sneak peek on what we can expect.

Adding credibility to these rumors, a new Nokia LTE smartphone has just popped up on Chinese certification agency (Tenna) 3C indicating the public launch of the device may happen soon. The 3C listing doesn’t reveal much except the model number of the device as TA-1000 and the fact that it comes with standard 5V / 2A charging support which indicates no support for fast charging. Absence of fast charging clearly indicates that it is not a flagship device but only an entry-level smartphone. The listed device appears to be Nokia E1.

Rumors indicate that Nokia E1 sports a 5.5-inch display, powered by one of Qualcomm’s entry-level SOC chips of Snapdragon 200 series, and comes with just 1GB of RAM. It is rumored to run on Android 7.0 Nougat based operating system out of the box.

 

How "The EURion Constellation" Protects Banknotes

It may not look like a Greek hunter, but a small pattern of symbols found on some banknotes named after one of the universe’s most prominent constellations does its best to battle counterfeiters.

The EURion constellation is a pattern made up of five rings that are added to banknotes in order to prevent counterfeiters from creating forgeries using colour photocopies. Though the pattern has been used on banknotes around the world for nearly 15 years, the name was coined in early 2002 by a German computer scientist named Markus Kuhn who uncovered the pattern while experimenting with a Xerox colour photocopier that refused to reproduce banknotes.
Combing the words “Orion” and “Euro,” the EURion constellation can be found at various locations on banknotes – depending on the design – and is used on currency across the globe.

Many banks and banknote producers integrate the EURion constellation into the design of bill in order to mask its presence. On a 1000 rupees (2000) Indian banknote, for example, the EURion constellation forms tiny circles in a background near watermark and above Gandhi image head.

The technical details of the EURion constellation are highly secretive. Some have speculated that the integer ratios between the squared distances of nearby circles are what cause software to recognize that the banknote is trying to be copied. Much like the software employed by the Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group, the EURion constellation tips off the copying device and prevents forgeries.

Some scientists, however, have hypothesized that the EURion constellation isn’t the device triggering the software. Steven Murdoch, a security researcher at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, has said he believes the trigger is instead a digital watermark embedded in the notes.
Currently, over 40 countries use the EURion constellation on their banknotes including the United States, Canada, Turkey, Sweden, India, Norway, and Australia


Recent versions of image editors such as Adobe Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro refuse to print banknotes. According to Wired.com, the banknote detection code in these applications, called the Counterfeit Deterrence System (CDS), was designed by the Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group and supplied to companies such as Adobe as a binary module. However, experiments by Steven J. Murdoch and others showed that this banknote detection code does not rely on the EURion pattern. It instead detects a digital watermark embedded in the images, developed by Digimarc.

Bermuda Triangle:Secret Unveild

Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved?

Strange clouds forming above the Bermuda Triangle could explain why dozens of ships and planes have mysteriously vanished in the notorious patch of sea.The remarkable new theory suggests the clouds are linked to 170-mph "air bombs" -- capable of bringing down planes and ships, New York Post reported on Friday.
The riddle could finally be solved after meteorologists discovered bizarre "hexagonal" -shaped clouds between 20 and 50 miles wide forming over the dodgy patch of water.Meteorologist Randy Cerveny said: "The satellite imagery is really bizarre... the hexagonal shapes of the cloud formations."These types of hexagonal shapes in the ocean are in essence air bombs. They're formed by micro bursts and are blasts of air."

The blasts of air are so powerful that they can reach 170 mph -- a hurricane-like force easily capable of sinking ships and downing planes.
For centuries, the notorious Bermuda Triangle -- located between Miami, Puerto Rico and the island of Bermuda -- has been linked with a high number of unexplained disappearances of aircraft and ships in its waters.

Will Update on any further explanation revealed on this matter.Tech News is what I am planning to start from now on.So signing off with promise to bring out the more news this is your host-
Anubhav Dixit  

Samsung:How big is the company?

 Overall Samsung as company:

According to Samsung's founder, the meaning of the Korean hanja word Samsung  is "tri-star" or "three stars". The word "three" represents something "big, numerous and powerful"Notable Samsung industrial subsidiaries include Samsung Electronics (the world's largest information technology company measured by 2012 revenues, and 4th in market value),Samsung Heavy Industries (the world's 2nd-largest shipbuilder measured by 2010 revenues),and Samsung Engineering and Samsung C&T (respectively the world's 13th and 36th-largest construction companies).Other notable subsidiaries include Samsung Life Insurance (the world's 14th-largest life insurance company), Samsung Everland (operator of Everland Resort, the oldest theme park in South Korea) and Cheil Worldwide (the world's 15th-largest advertising agency measured by 2012 revenues)

1938 to 1970:

In 1938, Lee Byung-chull (1910–1987) of a large landowning family in the Uiryeong county moved to nearby Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe. Samsung started out as a small trading company with forty employees located in Su-dong (now Ingyo-dong). It dealt in locally-grown groceries and made noodles. The company prospered and Lee moved its head office to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, he was forced to leave Seoul. He started a sugar refinery in Busan named Cheil Jedang. In 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and built the plant in Chimsan-dong, Daegu. It was the largest woollen mill ever in the country.
Samsung diversified into many different areas. Lee sought to establish Samsung as leader in a wide range of industries. Samsung moved into lines of business such as insurance, securities and retail. President Park Chung Hee placed great importance on industrialization. He focused his economic development strategy on a handful of large domestic conglomerates, protecting them from competition and assisting them financially.
In 1947, Cho Hong-jai, the Hyosung group's founder, jointly invested in a new company called Samsung Mulsan Gongsa, or the Samsung Trading Corporation, with the Samsung's founder Lee Byung-chull. The trading firm grew to become the present-day Samsung C&T Corporation. After a few years, Cho and Lee separated due to differences in management style. Cho wanted a 30 equity share. Samsung Group was separated into Samsung Group and Hyosung Group, Hankook Tire and other businesses^.
In the late 1960s, Samsung Group entered the electronics industry. It formed several electronics-related divisions, such as Samsung Electronics Devices, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Samsung Corning and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications, and made the facility in Suwon. Its first product was a black-and-white television set.

1970 to 1990

In 1980, Samsung acquired the Gumi-based Hanguk Jeonja Tongsin and entered telecommunications hardware. Its early products were switchboards. The facility was developed into the telephone and fax manufacturing systems and became the center of Samsung's mobile phone manufacturing. They have produced over 800 million mobile phones to date.The company grouped them together under Samsung Electronics in the 1980s.
After Lee, the founder's death in 1987, Samsung Group was separated into four business groups—Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and the Hansol Group.Shinsegae (discount store, department store) was originally part of Samsung Group, separated in the 1990s from the Samsung Group along with CJ Group (Food/Chemicals/Entertainment/logistics), and the Hansol Group (Paper/Telecom). Today these separated groups are independent and they are not part of or connected to the Samsung Group.One Hansol Group representative said, "Only people ignorant of the laws governing the business world could believe something so absurd", adding, "When Hansol separated from the Samsung Group in 1991, it severed all payment guarantees and share-holding ties with Samsung affiliates." One Hansol Group source asserted, "Hansol, Shinsegae, and CJ have been under independent management since their respective separations from the Samsung Group". One Shinsegae department store executive director said, "Shinsegae has no payment guarantees associated with the Samsung Group".
In 1980s, Samsung Electronics began to invest heavily in research and development, investments that were pivotal in pushing the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry. In 1982, it built a television assembly plant in Portugal; in 1984, a plant in New York; in 1985, a plant in Tokyo; in 1987, a facility in England; and another facility in Austin, Texas, in 1996. As of 2012, Samsung has invested more than US$13,000,000,000 in the Austin facility, which operates under the name Samsung Austin Semiconductor. This makes the Austin location the largest foreign investment in Texas and one of the largest single foreign investments in the United States

1990 to 2000

Samsung started to rise as an international corporation in the 1990s. Samsung's construction branch was awarded contracts to build one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in United Arab Emirates.In 1993, Lee Kun-hee sold off ten of Samsung Group's subsidiaries, downsized the company, and merged other operations to concentrate on three industries: electronics, engineering and chemicals. In 1996, the Samsung Group reacquired the Sungkyunkwan University foundation.
Samsung became the world's largest producer of memory chips in 1992 and is the world's second-largest chipmaker after Intel (see Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Market Share Ranking Year by Year).In 1995, it created its first liquid-crystal display screen. Ten years later, Samsung grew to be the world's largest manufacturer of liquid-crystal display panels. Sony, which had not invested in large-size TFT-LCDs, contacted Samsung to cooperate, and, in 2006, S-LCD was established as a joint venture between Samsung and Sony in order to provide a stable supply of LCD panels for both manufacturers. S-LCD was owned by Samsung (50% plus one share) and Sony (50% minus one share) and operates its factories and facilities in Tangjung, South Korea. As of December 26, 2011, it was announced that Samsung had acquired the stake of Sony in this joint venture.
Compared to other major Korean companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively unharmed. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault at a significant loss. As of 2010, Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. Additionally, Samsung manufactured a range of aircraft from the 1980s to 1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of merger between then three domestic major aerospace divisions of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company. However, Samsung still manufactures aircraft engines and gas turbines.

2000 to 2015

In 2000, Samsung opened a computer programming laboratory in Warsaw, Poland. Its work began with set-top-box technology before moving into digital TV and smartphones. As of 2011, the Warsaw base is Samsung's most important R&D center in Europe, forecast to be recruiting 400 new-hires per year by the end of 2013.

In 2010, Samsung announced a ten-year growth strategy centered around five businesses.One of these businesses was to be focused on biopharmaceuticals, to which the company has committed ₩2,100,000,000,000.
In December 2011, Samsung Electronics sold its hard disk drive business to Seagate.
In first quarter of 2012, Samsung Electronics became the world's largest mobile phone maker by unit sales, overtaking Nokia, which had been the market leader since 1998.On 21 August's edition of the Austin American-Statesman, Samsung confirmed plans to spend 3 to 4 billion dollars converting half of its Austin chip manufacturing plant to a more profitable chip.The conversion should start in early 2013 with production on line by the end of 2013. On 14 March 2013, Samsung unveiled the Galaxy S4.
On August 24, 2012, nine American jurors ruled that Samsung had to pay Apple $1.05 billion in damages for violating six of its patents on smartphone technology. The award was still less than the $2.5 billion requested by Apple. The decision also ruled that Apple did not violate five Samsung patents cited in the case.Samsung decried the decision saying that the move could harm innovation in the sector.It also followed a South Korean ruling stating that both companies were guilty of infringing on each other's intellectual property.In first trading after the ruling, Samsung shares on the Kospi index fell 7.7%, the largest fall since 24 October 2008, to 1,177,000 Korean won.Apple then sought to ban the sales of eight Samsung phones (Galaxy S 4G, Galaxy S2 AT&T, Galaxy S2 Skyrocket, Galaxy S2 T-Mobile, Galaxy S2 Epic 4G, Galaxy S Showcase, Droid Charge and Galaxy Prevail) in the United States which has been denied by the court.
On September 4, 2012, Samsung announced that it plans to examine all of its Chinese suppliers for possible violations of labor policies. The company said it will carry out audits of 250 Chinese companies that are its exclusive suppliers to see if children under the age of 16 are being used in their factories.
In 2013, a New Zealand news outlet reported a number of Samsung washing machines spontaneously catching on fire.The corporation is expected to spend $14 billion on advertising and marketing in 2013, with publicity appearing in TV and cinema ads, on billboards and at sports and arts events. In November 2013, the corporation was valued at $227 billion.
In May 2014, Samsung announced it will be shutting down its streaming service on 1 July 2014, also meaning the end of the Samsung Music Hub app that typically comes installed on its Android phones.
On September 3, 2014, Samsung announced Gear VR, a virtual reality device in collaboration with Oculus VR and developed for the Galaxy Note 4.
In October 2014, Samsung announced a $14.7 billion investment to build a chip plant in South Korea. Construction will begin next year with production beginning in 2017. The company has not yet decided the type of chips to be produced.
In October 2014, Samsung also announced it would invest 633 billion South Korean won ($560 million USD) in the construction of a new 700,000 square metre production complex in Vietnam.
Samsung plans to launch a new set of services beginning early 2015. The goal of this new suite of business offerings, dubbed Samsung 360 Services, is to become a help desk of sorts for businesses IT departments. The customizable services range from technical support to security solutions for having a Samsung employee embedded in a client's business as an on-site support manager or technology consultant.
On December 2, 2014, Samsung announced it will sell Fiber Optics to U.S. speciality glass manufacturer Corning Inc.Samsung Electronics Inc. is expanding in Silicon Valley with a $300 million facility in San Jose, California. The 10-story complex will include 1.1 million square feet of floor space, a clean room for semiconductors and a "fitness center in the sky". The facility will be split between semiconductor research and development and other sales and marketing functions. It will serve as the North America headquarters for semiconductor operations.In 2015, Samsung has been granted more U.S. patents than any other company - including IBM, Google, Sony, Microsoft and Apple. The company received 7,679 utility patents through Dec. 11.

2016

In January 2016, Samsung announced it will be working with Microsoft to develop IoT devices based on Windows 10, where the companies will work together to develop products that will run on the platform, as well as integrate with other companies developing hardware and services on Microsoft's OS.Samsung released a fitness smartwatch called the Gear Fit 2 and a brand of wireless earbuds called Gear Icon X.

 As per the last month reports released by IDC, Samsung shipped 73.2 million units of smartphone and accounted for 21.7 percent of global smartphone market. However, this share of Samsung during second quarter of 2015 has declined from whopping 24.8 percent on the same quarter in 2014. Nevertheless, Samsung continues to outshine Apple in smartphone market.  
Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.  Towards the end of 20^th century, Samsung increased its global activities and emerged as a global giant particularly in electronics, mobile phones and semiconductors.
Did you know that Samsung Electronics is world’s largest producer of memory chips ever since 1993.

 Signing off with a promise to bring out a video on Samsung history so stay stuned and stay sharp(another tech gaint with new tech coming up).

Anubhav Dixit

Google launches

 

 

 

 

Google Pixel

 

Key Features

  5-inch, 1080p display

• Snapdragon 821
• 4GB RAM
• 32 or 128GB storage
• Android 7.1
• Google Assistant
• Pixel Launcher
• 12MP and 8MP cameras w/ OIS
• USB-C and fast charging
• 2,770 mAh
• Headphone jack...
• Daydream VR ready
• Manufacturer: Google 

Google Pixel release date: 20 October(pre-orders set to begin October 13). 

The Google Pixel costs $649 (approximately Rs. 43,000) for 32GB variant in the US, $749 (approximately Rs. 50,000) for 128GB; Pixel XL costs $769 (approximately Rs. 51,000) for 32GB, $869 (approximately Rs. 58,000) for 128GB. Pre-orders in the US are already underway.

Google Pixel price in India to start at Rs. 57,000 and Rs. 66,000 (32GB and 128GB might be due to taxes).Built in partnership with HTC, the Pixel certainly has a whiff of the One A9 about it. It’s rounded, with a flat back and it is built from a mixture of metal and glass accents.

It’s nice, but it’s not gorgeous. There’s no wow factor, it’s just a phone. It comes in three colours, each of which has a stupid name. There's Very Silver, Quite Black and Really Blue. There's a joke there somewhere, but to me it just sounds childish.

The smaller size makes it comfortable to hold though, and it’s about the same size as an iPhone 7 even though it houses a bigger screen. If you want an Android phone you can comfortably use in one hand, this could be it.

Like the Pixel XL, the Pixel packs Qualcomm’s latest Snapdragon 821 CPU along with 4GB RAM and either 32GB or 128GB internal storage. The 821 is a new beast and as such I’m not sure on it’s general performance, but it might be fast and responsive.Unlike the Pixel XL though, the Pixel only has a 1080p display rather than a quad-HD one. I say ‘only’, but in reality you won’t likely notice a difference. There are still plenty of pixels packed in here and everything looks sharp and colourful. You also notice the benefits of AMOLED straight away, with colours popping and drawing you in. it doesn’t look quite as natural as an iPhone, though. Where higher-res(olution) does make things better is with VR, so it seems weird Google is making huge deal out of it's new Daydream VR headset and not putting a quad-HD display on this.

Specs-wise you’re looking at an optically stabilised 12-megapixel rear-facing camera, with a secondary 8MP version on the front.The f/2.0 aperture isn’t quite as wide as the competition, and that could hamper low-light performance. A new HDR+ mode oversamples photos to try and make them look better, while Google claims the shutter speed is the fastest on the market.Google says the Pixel scored 89 on DXO Mark's camera test, meaning it's apparently the best smartphone camera yet. As with any benchmark, I'd say take these scores with an absolutely huge grain of salt. DXO Mark seems to think Sony phones have good cameras, and they really don't.

My only concern with the specs on offer here is the battery. At 2,770mAh it feels a bit on the small side. That is slightly up on the Nexus 5X from last year, so hopefully it will make it through the day. There’s a USB-C port on the bottom that supports fast charging too, with Google claiming you’ll get 7 hours of use with a 15-minute charge.

The spirit of the Nexus series, and now in-turn the Pixel line, is the software approach. While other phones run thick skins overlaid on Android, the software here is as Google intended. But it does seem like the search engine giant has had a bit more fun this time around, adding in what it calls a ‘Pixel Launcher’.This sits atop Android 7.1 and makes some wholesale changes to the tried and tested formula. Gone is the iconic search bar on your homescreen, replaced by a pill shaped widget, and getting at your apps now require a swipe up from the bottom of the display. Icons are now circular – which is fine for some, not so for others – and Google Now has been replaced with Google Assistant but it does pretty much the same thing.Assistant was a big talking point at the event, and in some ways Google seems to be making a bigger deal out of it than the phone itself. Holding down the menu button lets you can search for pictures, places and things and it seems very accurate. It feels like a combination of Google Now of Siri, with the skills of the former and the interface of the latter. It integrates Now on Tap too, so you can get contextual information depending what's on your screen.

Google is also now offering unlimited free ‘full-resolution’ uploads of Google Photos for your snaps and videos, which makes the fantastic service even more of a no-brainer. There’s also Duo and Allo pre-installed, for all your video chat and messaging needs. As with any phone direct from Google, you’ll be first in line for software updates.

The final piece of the puzzle is VR. Google's Daydream View headset ships later this year and it's built for Pixel phones. It lets you play games, watch YouTube and a whole lot more in virtual reality.

Finally I think people take Indians for granted as every tech launches at higher price so I think "Let them have the taste of brown crunch".Signing Off with promise to bring more updates soon.